Alagarmalai cave of Madurai

About:

Alagar Kooil is situated at the foot of two hillocks, 21 km northeast of Madurai, the second most populous city in Tamil Nadu. In religious terms, the place is called Alagar Kooil (kooil meaning temple), and in geographical terms, it’s called Alagar Malai (malai meaning hill). The maximum height the twin hills attain is 300 meters. The hills hold high significance due to perennial springs and diverse flora and fauna, even though the forests have suffered contamination and depletion. Today, they still harbor many valuable herb species.

A proposal to designate Alagar Kooil Valley as a protected region for the conservation of the endangered Grizzled Giant Squirrel, Ratufa Macroura (also known as the Sri Lankan Giant Squirrel), is pending. The species has only one protected site in India, approximately 100 km south of Alagar Kooil in Senbagattooppu near Rajapalayam. Fewer than 300 individuals are estimated to remain.

The stone beds in these caves suggest they were once abodes for monks. Numerous flat stones can be found in these caves, with one end of these horizontal rocks slightly raised as a headrest. The upper portions of the caves are crafted to prevent rainwater from seeping in. Wooden poles were driven into the ground in front of these caves to support thatched roofs. These shelters were typically located near water sources to meet the essential needs of the ascetics.

The caves are historically significant as some of the earliest stone monuments in the region. They also contain epigraphic records in the Brahmi script. It is said that the design of Hindu temples in and around Madurai was inspired by these caves. Thirunarankondrai, a village near Ulundurpet, became a renowned Jain pilgrim center and a seat of learning where monks and scholars from all over India gathered. The carved image of Paraswanathar, the 23rd Jain Tirthankara, is found on the hilltop here, depicted in a standing position with a serpent's hood spread above his head. Locally, Paraswanathar is referred to as Appandainathar.

Location info:

Address: Anaimalai, Alagarmalai, Tiruparankundram, Madurai

District: Madurai

Nearest City: Madurai

Best time to visit: September - March

About Alagar Kooil and Alagar Malai

Alagar Kooil, located about 21 km northeast of Madurai in Tamil Nadu, is a place of immense religious and geographical significance. Known in religious terms as Alagar Kooil (with "kooil" meaning temple), this area is home to the Kallazhagar Temple, a famous pilgrimage site dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Geographically, it is referred to as Alagar Malai ("malai" meaning hill), with twin hills that rise up to 300 meters.

Alagar Malai is celebrated not only for its natural beauty, with perennial springs and rich biodiversity, but also for its historical caves. These caves were ancient dwellings for Jain monks around the 2nd century BCE, featuring stone beds with raised headrests and Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions. This makes them some of the earliest stone monuments in the region and provides valuable insights into the spread of Jainism in Tamil Nadu.

The caves are thought to have influenced the architectural style of Hindu temples around Madurai, with structures designed to withstand the elements and meet the basic needs of monastic life. This unique blend of history and architecture draws visitors and scholars alike.

Ecological Importance: Alagar Malai is home to several rare plant species and medicinal herbs. Additionally, the hills are known for harboring the endangered Grizzled Giant Squirrel (*Ratufa macroura*), a species with fewer than 300 individuals remaining in this area. Conservation efforts have been proposed to protect the Alagar Kooil Valley as a sanctuary for this species.

Festivals and Culture: The Kallazhagar Temple is a focal point during the annual Chithirai Festival, where devotees gather in large numbers as the deity is carried to Madurai in a grand procession. This event celebrates the vibrant local culture and the religious heritage of Alagar Kooil.

For more on Alagar Malai and its heritage, check this video on Alagar malai Cave Explained | Madurai | Karna | Tamil Navigation.

Climate/Weather:

Summer (March to June): During this period, temperatures can reach highs around 40°C (104°F). The intense heat and humidity can make outdoor activities uncomfortable, so visitors should prepare accordingly.

Monsoon (July to September): Alagar Kooil experiences moderate to heavy rainfall, offering relief from the summer heat but also resulting in slippery trails and limited access to some areas.

Post-Monsoon and Winter (October to February): This season offers the most pleasant weather, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). The reduced humidity and clear skies make it an ideal time for exploration, outdoor activities, and temple visits.

Best Time to Visit: The optimal period for visiting Alagar Kooil is from October to February, when the weather is comfortable and favorable for sightseeing and religious events.

History:

Alagar Kovil, also known as Azhagar Kovil, is a historic temple located about 21 km northeast of Madurai, Tamil Nadu, nestled at the foothills of the Alagar Hills. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, revered here as Kallalagar or Sundararaja Perumal, the temple holds significant religious and cultural importance.

Ancient Origins: The origins of Alagar Kovil trace back to the Sangam period (3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE). It is mentioned in ancient Tamil literary works such as the Silappadikaram and Manimekalai, and is also glorified in the Naalayira Divya Prabandham, marking it as one of the 108 Divya Desams dedicated to Vishnu.

Pandya Dynasty Contributions: The temple flourished under the Pandya dynasty, with King Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251-1270 AD) plating the vimana (tower above the sanctum) with gold, enhancing its grandeur.

Vijayanagara and Nayak Periods: Further contributions came from the Vijayanagara Empire and Nayak rulers, with Thirumalai Nayakar adding structures like the Kalyana Mandapam, which showcases the rich architectural style of the period.

Architectural Features: The temple features Dravidian architectural style, including a seven-tiered rajagopuram (gateway tower) and intricate sculptures. Within the granite walls are shrines, mandapams, and unique sculptures, like the life-size images of Narasimha and Chakratalvar with 16 hands holding 16 weapons, a rare iconographic feature.

Cultural and Religious Importance: Alagar Kovil is especially prominent during the Chithirai Festival (April-May), which reenacts the legend of Lord Kallalagar's visit to Madurai for his sister Goddess Meenakshi’s celestial wedding. Thousands of devotees participate, with the event culminating in a grand procession to the Vaigai River. Recognized as one of the 108 Divya Desams, it is a revered site in Vaishnavism.

Alagar Kovil stands as a lasting testament to Tamil Nadu's rich cultural and religious heritage, showcasing centuries of devotion, art, and architectural excellence.

Interesting things to Visit:

Meenakshi Temple :Madurai or is the oldest and second largest city of Tamil Nadu. This city is located on Vaigai River and was the capital of Pandyan rulers. The Pandyan king, Kulasekhara had built a gorgeous temple around which he created a lotus shaped city. It has been a center of learning and pilgrimage, for centuries. Legend has it that the divine nectar falling from Lord Shiva's locks gave the city its name - 'Madhurapuri', now known as "Madurai".Madurai is famous for its Meenakshi Temple, one of India's biggest Temples which is dedicated to Meenakshi, the consort of lord Shiva. Exquisite sculptures, hall of thousand pillars, icons, photographs & illustrations make this Temple a famous tourist spot. The Temple is an excellent example of Dravidian architecture. The Meenakshi temple complex is one of the largest and certainly one of the most ancient.

According to legend Madurai is the actual site where the wedding between Shiva and Meenakshi took place. The gigantic temple complex, the statues exploring the entire range of human emotions, everything here is larger than life. The soaring and exquisitely carved towers enclose the temple dedicated to Meenakashi. The south gateway contains the twin temples of Shiva and Meenakshi and is about nine storeys high.

How to reach?

By Air: The nearest airport is Madurai International Airport, located about 38 km from Alagar Kovil. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or use public transportation to reach the temple.

By Train: Madurai Junction is the closest major railway station, approximately 22 km from Alagar Kovil. Regular trains connect Madurai to various cities across India. Upon arrival at the station, taxis and buses are available to take you to the temple.

By Road: Madurai is well-connected by road networks. From Madurai city, you can take a bus or hire a taxi to Alagar Kovil. The journey by road typically takes around 30 to 45 minutes, depending on traffic conditions.

Local Transportation: Once in Madurai, local buses operated by Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) frequently travel between the city and Alagar Kovil. Alternatively, auto-rickshaws and taxis are readily available for hire.

Travel Tips: The best time to visit Alagar Kovil is from October to February for pleasant weather, ideal for sightseeing. Visiting during the Chithirai Festival (April-May) offers a unique cultural experience with grand celebrations.

Nearest Visiting places:

Tirunelveli : Thirunelveli, the southernmost district of Tamil Nadu is described as a microcosm of the state. The district has diverse geographical and physical features such as high and lofty mountains and low plains, rivers, cascades, seacoast, thick inland forest, sandy soils and fertile alluvium, a variety of flora, fauna, and protected wild life.

Kalugumalai: Information about Kalugumalai, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India. Kalugumalai locates in between Kovilpatti and Sankarankoil. This small beautiful town has great historic background and religious land.

Kodaikanal :

Kodaikanal, 2135 metres (7000 feet) above sea level is a lovely hill resort which lies amidst the sylvan grandeur of the Palani Hills in the dindugal district. The nearest railhead is Kodaikanal Road on southern Railways. From Kodaikanal Road, one has to travel 80 kms. (50 miles) by road to reach Kodaikanal. Two-thirds of this motor journey up the hill through the ghats is an exciting experience with the vista and scenery changing at every bend and curve on the mountain road.

Nearest Petrol Pump:

IndianOil - Arv Petrol Bunk: Located on Alagar Koil Main Road, Pudur Surveyor Colony, Madurai. This station operates 24 hours and provides services like nitrogen gas filling and premium petrol.

IndianOil - Cordial Agencies: Situated on Uthangudi Melur Road, Mattuthavani, Madurai, around 15 km from Alagar Kovil. Offers a variety of fuel services.

IndianOil - Arun Automobiles: Located on Melur Road, Madurai, approximately 18 km from Alagar Kovil. Provides standard fuel services.

Hotels/Lodge/Accommodation:

Sri Amman Lodge: Located near the Arulmigu Kallazhagar Temple in Alagar Kovil, this lodge offers comfortable rooms with essential amenities, ideal for pilgrims and tourists seeking a convenient stay.

Fortune Pandiyan Hotel: Situated approximately 17 km from Alagar Kovil in Madurai, this hotel features well-appointed rooms, a swimming pool, and multiple dining options, suitable for both leisure and business travelers.

Courtyard by Marriott Madurai: Located around 18 km from Alagar Kovil, this hotel offers modern amenities, including a fitness center, swimming pool, and on-site restaurant, ensuring a comfortable stay with upscale services.

Hotel Templecity Dreamz Inn: About 15 km from Alagar Kovil in Madurai, this budget-friendly hotel provides clean rooms, complimentary Wi-Fi, and an in-house restaurant.

Viswa Residency by Azalea: Located approximately 16 km from Alagar Kovil, this hotel offers spacious rooms, free parking, and easy access to local attractions, making it a great choice for families and groups.

Help Line/Phone Number:

Temple Administration Phone: +91 452 247 0228

Email: alagarkoilmadurai@gmail.com

For further assistance or inquiries, you may reach out to the Alagar Kovil temple administration directly through the provided contact details.

Nearest Hospital:

Chirstian Mission Hospital
East Marret Street, East Marret Street, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625001- 0452 2326458

Visaka Poly Clinic
#1 Katarapalayam,, T.P.K Main Road,, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625001- 0452 2338275

Vijaya Vennila Hospital
16/185, North Veli Street, North Veli Street, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625001- 0452 2343365

Brain Nerves Hospital
72, Vakkil New Street, Vakkil New Street, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625001- 0452 2325123

Alagarmalai Cave