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Penner River

Penner River

About:
The Penna River, also known as the Pennar, Penner, or Penneru, is a significant river in southern India. Originating in the Nandi Hills of Karnataka's Chikkaballapur district, it traverses approximately 597 kilometers (371 miles) through Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh before emptying into the Bay of Bengal near Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. .

Estuary-The estuary of the Penner river extends 7km upstream from the Bay of Bengal. Tidal influence and salt water extends further upstream during the November to June dry season. Coastal dunes as high as 7 meters form around the river mouth. Upputeru tidal creek, 15km in length, and Isakapalli lagoon, separated from the Bay of Bengal by the Isakapalli barrier island, 180 m long and up to 3 m high, form the main coastal wetlands.

The upper basin of the Penner is largely made up of ancient Archean rocks, principally granite and schist. The lower basin is made up of young sediments, including laterite and recent alluvium.

The upper basin was formerly covered by tropical dry forest, thorn forest, and xeric shrublands. Most of the dry tropical forest has now disappeared, due to clearance for grazing and overharvesting the forests for timber and firewood, replaced by thorny shrublands. The remnant forests of the Deccan are largely deciduous, dropping their leaves in the dry winter and spring months. The East Deccan dry evergreen forests of Coastal Andhra were evergreen, but these forests have largely been reduced to tiny remnant pockets.

Location info:
Address: The Penner River originates in the Nandi Hills, Chikballapur District, Karnataka, and flows through Andhra Pradesh to the Bay of Bengal near Utukuru, east of Nellore.
Districts Covered: Chikballapur (Karnataka); Anantapur, YSR (Cuddapah), Kurnool, Chittoor, and Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)
Nearest Major Cities: Bangalore (to Nandi Hills), Anantapur, Kadapa (Cuddapah), and Nellore
Best Time to Visit: October to March (cooler, dry season); avoid the monsoon season (June to September) due to heavy rainfall
Estuary Location: The river empties into the Bay of Bengal near Utukuru, about 15 km east of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh.
Coastal Features: Coastal dunes, Upputeru tidal creek, and Isakapalli lagoon near the estuary create unique coastal wetlands.

Climate/Weather:
Climate: The Penner River basin experiences a tropical monsoon climate with hot summers, a defined monsoon season, and mild winters. The region around the river receives moderate rainfall, predominantly from the southwest and northeast monsoons.
Temperature Range: Summers can reach temperatures of 35-40°C (95-104°F), while winter temperatures typically range between 15-25°C (59-77°F).
Monsoon Season: June to September is the monsoon season, bringing most of the annual rainfall to the Penner River basin. This season can see occasional flooding, making it less ideal for travel along the river.
Best Visiting Season: October to March, when the weather is cooler and dry, providing comfortable conditions for travel and sightseeing along the river.
Annual Rainfall: The region receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 500-700 mm, with higher precipitation in the eastern coastal areas.
Humidity: The coastal estuary region near Nellore experiences higher humidity levels, especially from June to September.

History:
The Penner River, also known as the Pennar, has historical significance dating back to ancient times. It is mentioned in various historical texts and inscriptions that reference its role in early civilizations in southern India. The river’s basin was once part of important ancient kingdoms, including the Satavahanas and the Vijayanagara Empire, who used its waters for agriculture and trade.
Over centuries, the Penner River has been vital for agriculture in the Rayalaseema region and surrounding areas, supporting settlements that relied on its seasonal flow. Various dams and irrigation projects have been developed in modern times, with notable examples including the Somasila and Gandikota dams, built to support local agriculture and water supply.
The river is also associated with cultural and religious significance. Ancient temples and pilgrimage sites can be found along its banks, reflecting the river’s role in the spiritual lives of communities over generations.
Today, the Penner River is crucial for the livelihoods of millions in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, even as it faces challenges related to water management and seasonal variability due to climate change.

Interesting Things to Do:
1. Visit Nandi Hills: Start your exploration at the source of the Penner River in Nandi Hills, Karnataka. Enjoy breathtaking views, trekking, and the ancient Nandi Temple at the hilltop.
2. Explore Gandikota Fort: Known as the "Grand Canyon of India," Gandikota is located along the Penner River in Andhra Pradesh. The ancient fort and stunning gorge make it a popular spot for photography, trekking, and camping.
3. Bird Watching at Pulicat Lake: Near the Penner estuary, Pulicat Lake is a haven for bird watchers, especially during the winter months when migratory birds flock to the area. Spot flamingos, pelicans, and other exotic species.
4. Visit Somasila Dam: This major irrigation dam on the Penner River offers scenic views and opportunities for a peaceful picnic by the reservoir. It’s a great spot for photography and enjoying the serene landscape.
5. Experience Local Culture in Nellore: The coastal city of Nellore near the Penner's mouth is known for its rich cultural heritage, local cuisine, and historic temples. Visit the Ranganatha Temple and enjoy authentic Andhra Pradesh cuisine.
6. Trekking and Nature Walks: Several trekking trails and nature walks around the Penner River basin, especially near the Eastern Ghats, offer adventure enthusiasts a chance to explore rugged terrains and scenic landscapes.
7. Discover Archaeological Sites: The Penner basin has numerous ancient sites with remnants from early South Indian kingdoms. History enthusiasts can explore old temples, forts, and artifacts along the river's course.
8. Enjoy a Scenic Drive: Take a drive along the river's path from Karnataka to Andhra Pradesh, experiencing a variety of landscapes from plateaus and hills to coastal plains. The scenic views make for a relaxing and enjoyable journey.
9. Photography and Nature Observation: With diverse landscapes, from rocky hills to lush greenery and coastal dunes, the Penner River region is ideal for photographers and nature lovers to capture beautiful scenery and local wildlife.
10. Relax by the Estuary and Beach: Near the river’s mouth in Coastal Andhra, unwind at nearby beaches, enjoy fresh seafood, and take in the beauty of the Penner estuary with its unique tidal creeks and coastal dunes.

Interesting Places to Visit:
1. Nandi Hills: Located in Karnataka, this is the origin point of the Penner River. Nandi Hills offers scenic views, trekking trails, and historical temples, making it a popular tourist destination.
2. Gandikota Fort: Often referred to as the "Grand Canyon of India," Gandikota is situated on the Penner River in Andhra Pradesh. The fort, with its panoramic views over a gorge, is a must-visit for history buffs and nature lovers.
3. Somasila Dam: A major irrigation project on the Penner River, Somasila Dam offers picturesque views of the surrounding landscape and is an ideal spot for picnics and photography.
4. Pulicat Lake: Near the Penner River’s estuary, Pulicat Lake is India's second-largest saltwater lagoon. It is famous for bird watching, especially during winter when migratory birds, including flamingos, visit the lake.
5. Penchalakona Temple: Situated in Nellore district, this ancient temple is dedicated to Lord Narasimha. It is a popular pilgrimage site and offers beautiful views of the surrounding hills and river.
6. Ranganatha Temple, Nellore: One of the oldest temples in Andhra Pradesh, the Ranganatha Temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Located near the Penner River’s mouth, it showcases intricate carvings and Dravidian architecture.
7. Yaganti Temple: A historic temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, Yaganti is located near the Penner River in the Kurnool district. Known for its unique rock formations and ancient architecture, it’s a popular spiritual site.
8. Mylavaram Dam: Located near Jammalamadugu, this dam provides a serene environment for visitors and is a great spot for picnicking and relaxation with views over the reservoir.
9. Jonnawada: Another popular pilgrimage site near Nellore, Jonnawada is known for its ancient Kamakshi Temple, which attracts devotees from various parts of Andhra Pradesh.
10. Isakapalli Lagoon: Near the river’s mouth, the Isakapalli Lagoon is a scenic coastal wetland, perfect for nature enthusiasts interested in exploring unique coastal ecosystems and observing local wildlife.

Mobile Range Info:
  • Urban Areas: In major cities and towns near the Penner River, such as Bangalore, Anantapur, Kadapa, and Nellore, there is strong coverage from major providers like Airtel, Jio, Vi, and BSNL.
  • Rural and Remote Areas: Coverage may be less consistent in rural and remote sections of the river basin, particularly in areas with hilly terrain and near the Eastern Ghats. BSNL generally offers the best coverage in these regions.
  • Estuary and Coastal Areas: The coastal area near Nellore, including the Penner River estuary, has decent coverage from Jio, Airtel, and BSNL, though signal strength can vary, especially in more remote spots.

How to reach?
By Air: Nearest airport to Nandi Hills (source) is Kempegowda International Airport, Bangalore (35 km). For Nellore (estuary), nearest is Chennai International Airport (180 km).
By Train: Chikkaballapur Railway Station (9 km) for Nandi Hills. Nellore Railway Station for the estuary area.
By Road: Bangalore to Nandi Hills via NH 44 (60 km, 1.5 hrs). Chennai to Nellore via NH 16 (175 km, 3 hrs).
Local Transport: Taxis, buses, and autos available in major towns along the river.

Nearest Visiting places:
1. Tipu's Drop the place from where Tippu Sultan made his prisoners fall.
2. Tipu's Summer Residence a beautiful palace on top of this hill. This palace is closed to the general public .
3. Temples There are temples dedicated to Sri Bhoga Narasimha, Sri Ugra Narasimha and Sri Yoga Narasimha .
4. Gavi Veerbhadra swamy temple on top of the hill (The temple inside a big rock/cave)
5. Nehru Nilaya, where Jawaharlal Nehru used to stay, now a guest house of the horticulture department of India.
6. Rivers The rivers Pennar, Palar and Arkavati originate from these hills.Most of the sources have dried up .
7. Brahmashram It is said that Sage Ramakrishna Paramhamsa meditated here.Its a cool cave .
8. Muddenahalli The home town of Sir M. Visvesvarayya, the architect of modern Karnataka. Muddenahalli is just a few kilometres from Nandi Hills. His house is now a museum.

Nearest Petrol Pump:
  • IndianOil - Vana Durga Fuel Station
    Located in Nandi, Kolar, this station offers services such as clean drinking water and free air facilities. }
  • Bharat Petroleum Petrol Pump
    Situated at Survey 89/5, Nandi Village, Nandi Hills Road, Chickaballapur, this station provides standard fueling services.
  • R N Filling Station (Nayara Energy)
    Located at Sy No 6/3, Rathnamma Narayan Swamy Rajanna, Thatamachanahalli, Karnataka 562110, this station is known for good fuel quality and service.

Hotels/Lodge/Accommodation:
  • Mount Palazzo: A popular hotel near Nandi Hills offering comfortable rooms, a restaurant, and an outdoor pool. Ideal for families and groups.
  • Silver Oak Farm: A cozy farm stay with scenic views, providing a peaceful retreat with local cuisine and personalized service.
  • Discovery Village Nandi Foot Hills: An eco-friendly resort offering adventure activities, perfect for nature lovers and adventure seekers.
  • Hotel Nandi Gateway: Located near the base of Nandi Hills, this hotel offers basic amenities and is convenient for visitors looking for budget accommodation.
  • Clarks Exotica Convention Resort & Spa: A luxury resort near Bangalore with world-class facilities, ideal for a relaxing getaway near Nandi Hills.
  • Pomona Farm Stay: A charming farm stay with homely accommodations, ideal for guests looking to enjoy the rural landscape around Nandi Hills.
  • Angsana Oasis Spa & Resort: A premium resort with spa services, pools, and fine dining, providing a luxury experience close to nature.

Things to Carry:
  • Comfortable Clothing: Wear light, breathable clothing for daytime and a light jacket for cooler evenings, especially if visiting hill areas like Nandi Hills.
  • Good Walking Shoes: Essential for trekking, exploring, or walking along rugged terrain around the river and hills.
  • Water Bottle: Stay hydrated, especially if you're trekking or exploring areas with limited water sources.
  • Sun Protection: Carry sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from the sun during outdoor activities.
  • First Aid Kit: Include basic medical supplies, insect repellent, and any personal medications you may need.
  • Snacks: Carry energy bars, nuts, or other lightweight snacks to keep your energy up during long explorations.
  • Camera/Phone: Capture the beautiful landscapes, especially around scenic spots like Gandikota and the Penner estuary.
  • Power Bank: Ensure your devices stay charged, especially if you're visiting remote areas with limited access to power sources.
  • Weather-appropriate Gear: During the rainy season, bring a raincoat or umbrella; in colder months, carry extra layers.

Tips & Suggestions:
  • Plan Ahead: Check the weather forecast before your trip, especially if you plan to trek or visit remote areas along the Penner River.
  • Avoid Monsoon Season: The monsoon season (June to September) can bring heavy rains and may lead to difficult trekking conditions or flooding along the river.
  • Stay Hydrated: Carry sufficient water, especially if you're hiking or exploring rural areas with limited access to clean water.
  • Respect Local Culture: Some locations near the Penner are culturally significant. Dress modestly and respect local customs when visiting temples and villages.
  • Use Local Guides: Hiring a local guide can enhance your experience, especially in places like Gandikota and Pulicat Lake, where local knowledge adds value.
  • Be Eco-Friendly: Carry reusable bottles and bags to minimize waste, and avoid littering in natural areas to preserve the environment.
  • Carry Cash: While major towns may have ATMs, rural areas along the river might not, so it's wise to carry cash for small purchases.
  • Safety First: Be cautious when trekking along rocky or steep paths, and follow all safety guidelines at dams and other water bodies.
  • Check Mobile Network: Network coverage may be limited in certain rural or hilly regions; inform someone about your travel plans if venturing into remote areas.

Help Line/Phone Number:
  • Emergency Services: Dial 112 for police, fire, or medical emergencies.
  • Police Station (Chikkaballapur): Call 08156-270333 for local police assistance.
  • Hospital (Chikkaballapur District Hospital): For medical emergencies, dial 08156-272027.
  • Karnataka Tourism Help Line: Contact KSTDC at +91 80 4334 4334 for tourism info.
  • Nandi Hills Tourism Office: For Nandi Hills assistance, call 08156-2678621.

Penner River Nearest Attraction
Nandi hills
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Rangasthala Temples
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Vidurashwatha Temples
Vidurashwatha is a small village located in the Gauribidanur taluk of Chikkaballapur district in the state of Karnataka, India. Situated near the Karnataka - Andhra Pradesh border and about 6km from Gauribidanur, it had a major role to play in the freedom movement of India.....more
Nandi Archeology
At the foot of Nandi hill and its fort , 60 km from Bangalore, is a temple reflecting the Noramba style. In the 16th century there was a big open mandapa in the front with small ....more
Arkavathy River
Arkavathy River or Arkavathi River, is a river in India, originating at Nandi Hills of Chikkaballapur district. It is a tributary of the Kaveri River, which it joins at Kanakapura called sangama in kannada after flowing through Kolar District and Bangalore Rural district.....more