Hirakund Dam | Dams in Odisha

About Hirakud Dam :

Hirakud Dam is located in the Sambalpur district of Odisha and is built across the Mahanadi River. Spanning a length of 15.5 km, it is one of the longest man-made dams in the world. The dam is a composite structure made of earth, concrete, and masonry. It stretches 4.8 km between two hills: Lamdungri on the left and Chandili Dunguri on the right.

Hirakud Dam forms the largest artificial lake in India, with a reservoir that covers 743 km² (287 sq mi) at full capacity, boasting a shoreline of over 639 km (397 mi). The dam is equipped with two observation towers, "Gandhi Minar" on one side and "Nehru Minar" on the other, both offering stunning panoramic views of the reservoir and surrounding landscape.

The dam attracts tourists year-round, and during the winter months, it becomes a haven for migratory birds. Birdwatchers can spot species like the Common Pochard, Red-crested Pochard, and Great Crested Grebe. Hirakud Dam's unique combination of nature and engineering makes it a popular destination for both sightseeing and wildlife observation.

The construction of Hirakud Dam began in 1945, during which time Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, as the Member of Labour, initiated plans to harness the potential of the Mahanadi River for multipurpose use. The Central Waterways, Irrigation, and Navigation Commission led the project. On 15 March 1946, Sir Hawthorne Lewis, the then Governor of Odisha, laid the foundation stone. The first batch of concrete was laid by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 12 April 1948. The dam was completed in 1953 and formally inaugurated by Prime Minister Nehru on 13 January 1957.

The dam helps control floods in the Mahanadi delta and irrigates 75,000 km2(19×106 acres) of land. Hydroelectricity is also generated. The Hirakud Dam regulates 83,400 km2 (20.6×106 acres) of Mahanadi's drainage. The reservoir has a storage capacity of 5.818 km3 (1.396 cu mi) with gross of 8.136 km3 (1.952 cu mi).

The main purpose of the Hirakud Dam was to check the massive floods that were affecting a large part of coastal Odisha. But, the construction of the dam greatly affected the natives of the western part of Odisha. Nearly 150,000 people were affected by the Hirakud project and nearly 22,000 families were displaced.

There are remnants of temples submerged after the dam was completed in 1957. In the summer season, the receding water of the dam makes the structures become visible. The hidden treasures have finally caught the attention of historians, and steps are being taken to understand the historical significance of these temples, which periodically go under water, only to resurface again. Many temples have been destroyed after 58 years of underwater existence. However, some remain intact.

Official name - Hirakud Dam
Impounds - Mahanadi River
Locale -
Maintained & Operated by - Orissa Hydro Power Corporation Ltd.
Length - 4.8 km
Height - 60.96 meters
Opening date - In 1957
Construction Cost - 1.01 billion Rs in 1957
Capacity - 5,896,000,000 m3
Catchment area - 83,400 km2 (32,201 sq mi)
Surface area - 1,780 lakh HAM
Geographical Data (Location of map) - 21.57°N 83.87°E

Location Information of Hirakud Dam :

• Hirakud Dam is located in the Sambalpur district of Odisha, India.
  
• It is situated about 15 km from Sambalpur city.
  
• The dam is built across the Mahanadi River.
  
• It is positioned between two hills: Lamdungri and Chandili Dunguri.
  

Climate/Weather in Hirakud Dam :

The climate around Hirakud Dam is typically tropical, with hot summers, a humid monsoon season, and cool winters. The best time to visit is from October to February when the weather is most pleasant and suitable for outdoor activities.

• Average Maximum Temperature - 42° C
• Average Minimum Temperature - 30° C
• Average Precipitation - 25 mm

• Average Maximum Temperature - 34° C
• Average Minimum Temperature - 26° C
• Average Precipitation - 320 mm

• Average Maximum Temperature - 28° C
• Average Minimum Temperature - 15° C
• Average Precipitation - 10 mm

History of Hirakud Dam :

Hirakud Dam, located in Odisha, India, is one of the longest earthen dams in the world, stretching 25.8 km (including dykes) across the Mahanadi River. The dam was conceived to mitigate the recurring floods of the Mahanadi delta and provide a reliable source of water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control.

The dam’s foundation stone was laid on 15 March 1946 by Sir Hawthrone Lewis, then Governor of Odisha. Actual construction began in April 1948, following India's independence. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru laid the first concrete block on 12 April 1948. By 1953, the primary structure was completed, and Hirakud Dam was officially inaugurated on 13 January 1957.

Today, the dam serves multiple purposes, including irrigating over 1.5 million acres of farmland, generating hydroelectric power, and preventing catastrophic flooding in the coastal areas of Odisha. The reservoir created by the dam is also the largest artificial lake in Asia, with a surface area of 746 km². Hirakud Dam stands as a monumental example of post-independence India's drive for economic and infrastructural development.

Languages in Hirakund Dam :

• Odia
• Hindi
• English
• Bengali

Interesting Things to Do at Hirakud Dam :

Hirakud Dam offers a variety of activities and attractions for visitors to enjoy:

• Boat Rides: Enjoy scenic boat rides on the vast reservoir formed by the dam. It's a great way to explore the water and view the dam from different angles.
  


• Visit Gandhi Minar and Nehru Minar: These two observation towers on either side of the dam provide panoramic views of the reservoir and surrounding landscapes. The towers are named after Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.
  


• Bird Watching: The dam area is a haven for birdwatchers, especially during the winter months when migratory birds such as Common Pochard, Red-crested Pochard, and Great Crested Grebe can be spotted.
  


• Picnicking: There are several spots around the dam perfect for picnics, offering breathtaking views of the water and surrounding greenery.
  


• Photography: With its sprawling water body and scenic backdrop, Hirakud Dam provides a great opportunity for landscape and nature photography.
  


• Explore the Hirakud Wildlife Sanctuary: Located near the dam, this sanctuary is home to various species of wildlife, including elephants, deer, and leopards. It’s a great destination for nature lovers.
  


• Hydroelectric Plant Tour: If possible, arrange a tour of the dam’s hydroelectric power plant to learn about the technology behind the generation of electricity from the water of the Mahanadi River.
  

Interesting Things to Visit Nearby Hirakud Dam :

There are several attractions and places to explore near Hirakud Dam:

• Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary: Located around 40 km from Hirakud Dam, this sanctuary is home to diverse wildlife, including elephants, leopards, and many bird species. It offers great opportunities for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers.
  


• Samaleswari Temple: This ancient temple dedicated to Goddess Samaleswari, the presiding deity of Sambalpur, is a popular pilgrimage site located about 20 km from the dam.
  


• Huma Temple (Leaning Temple of Huma): Situated around 30 km from Hirakud Dam, this temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is famous for its leaning structure, attracting both devotees and curious visitors.
  


• Cattle Island: Located near the Hirakud Reservoir, this uninhabited island is known for its wild cattle. It is an interesting destination for nature lovers looking for an offbeat experience.
  


• Chiplima Hydro Power Plant: Around 25 km from the dam, Chiplima is another hydroelectric project built on the Mahanadi River. It’s a great place for understanding the region’s contribution to renewable energy.
  


• Leaning Temple of Huma: Another popular attraction, this unique temple dedicated to Lord Shiva is located along the Mahanadi River. It’s famous for its distinct leaning structure.
  


• Ghanteswari Temple: Situated 30 km away, this temple is known for its historical bells and peaceful surroundings. Visitors can explore the temple complex and enjoy the scenic beauty nearby.
  

How to Reach Hirakud Dam:

Hirakud Dam is well-connected by road, rail, and air, making it easily accessible for visitors.

• By Air: The nearest airport is Veer Surendra Sai Airport in Jharsuguda, approximately 63 km from Hirakud Dam. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach the dam.
  


• By Train: The nearest major railway station is Sambalpur Junction, located around 16 km from Hirakud Dam. Sambalpur is well-connected to major cities across India by train. From the station, you can easily get a taxi or auto-rickshaw to reach the dam.
  


• By Road: Sambalpur is well-connected by road to various cities in Odisha and neighboring states. You can take a bus or hire a taxi from Sambalpur city to Hirakud Dam, which is about a 20-30 minute drive. There are frequent buses from nearby towns to Sambalpur, making it convenient to reach the dam.
  


• By Local Transport: Once you are in Sambalpur, local transport options like auto-rickshaws and taxis are available to take you to Hirakud Dam. If you're driving yourself, the road leading to the dam is well-maintained, and there is parking available near the site.

Nearest Visiting Places from Hirakud Dam:

There are several interesting places to visit near Hirakud Dam, making it an ideal destination for tourists:

• Samaleswari Temple (20 km): Located in Sambalpur, this ancient temple is dedicated to Goddess Samaleswari, the presiding deity of the region. It is a major pilgrimage site for devotees.
  


• Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary (40 km): Known for its rich biodiversity, Debrigarh Sanctuary is home to elephants, leopards, and various bird species. It’s a must-visit for wildlife enthusiasts.
  


• Huma Temple (30 km): The Leaning Temple of Huma, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is famous for its leaning structure. It’s a unique architectural wonder and a major attraction in the region.
  


• Ghanteswari Temple (30 km): This temple is known for its bells and peaceful surroundings, making it a serene place for visitors to relax and enjoy the view.
  


• Chiplima Hydro Power Plant (25 km): Another important site on the Mahanadi River, Chiplima is known for its hydroelectric power plant. Visitors can explore the plant and learn about energy generation.
  


• Cattle Island (Near Hirakud Reservoir): An interesting and unique spot, Cattle Island is known for its population of wild cattle and offers an offbeat experience for nature lovers.
  

Nearest Petrol Pump Nearby Hirakud Dam:

For visitors traveling to Hirakud Dam, here are the nearest petrol pumps for refueling:

• Petrol Pump in Hirakud Town (5 km): This is the closest petrol pump, located in Hirakud town, approximately 5 km from the dam. It’s convenient for travelers heading directly to the dam.
  


• Petrol Pump in Sambalpur City (15 km): Sambalpur city has multiple petrol pumps, located about 15 km from Hirakud Dam. You can find pumps along NH6 and in the city center.
  


• IOCL Petrol Pump, Burla (10 km): Located in the Burla area, this petrol pump is around 10 km from Hirakud Dam, offering another refueling option for visitors.
  


• HPCL Petrol Pump, Dhankauda (12 km): This pump is located on the outskirts of Sambalpur city, about 12 km from the dam, and provides easy access for travelers entering the region.
  

Hotels/Lodge/Accommodation Nearby Hirakud Dam:

For visitors looking to stay near Hirakud Dam, there are several options for hotels, lodges, and guesthouses in nearby areas:

• Sambalpur Hotels (15 km): Sambalpur city offers a wide range of accommodations, from budget hotels to mid-range and luxury options. Some popular choices include Hotel Sheela Towers, Hotel Harjit Residency, and The Sambalpur Palace.
  


• Hirakud Guest Houses (5 km): Hirakud town has a few guesthouses and budget lodges for those looking for simple accommodations close to the dam. These guesthouses provide basic amenities and easy access to the dam.
  


• Burla Rest Houses (10 km): The nearby town of Burla offers comfortable accommodations, including government rest houses and private lodges. These are perfect for travelers seeking a quiet and affordable stay.
  


• Eco Resorts and Homestays (20-30 km): For nature lovers, there are eco-friendly resorts and homestays available around Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary. These accommodations offer a peaceful and scenic stay in natural surroundings.
  

Things to Carry for Hirakud Dam:

To ensure a comfortable and enjoyable visit to Hirakud Dam, it is recommended to carry the following items:

• Water and Snacks: While exploring the dam and its surroundings, make sure to carry sufficient drinking water and snacks, especially if you plan to spend the day. Nearby food options may be limited.
  


• Sun Protection: Bring sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from the sun, as the area can get quite hot during the day, especially in summer.
  


• Comfortable Clothing and Footwear: Wear light, comfortable clothing and sturdy shoes if you plan on walking around or exploring the dam and nearby areas.
  


• Insect Repellent: If you plan to visit during the monsoon or near wooded areas, carry insect repellent to avoid bites from mosquitoes and other insects.
  


• Camera or Binoculars: If you’re interested in photography or bird watching, bring a camera or binoculars to capture the scenic beauty and wildlife around the dam.
  


• First Aid Kit: A small first aid kit with basic medical supplies like bandages, antiseptics, and pain relievers is always helpful when traveling.
  


• Fishing Gear (Optional): If you plan to fish in the reservoir, don’t forget your fishing gear. The reservoir is a popular spot for fishing.
  

Tips & Suggestions for Hirakud Dam:

Here are some helpful tips to make your visit to Hirakud Dam enjoyable and hassle-free:

• Travel Light: It’s advisable not to carry too much luggage while visiting the dam. Bring only essential items like a camera, mobile phone, and water.
  


• Sun Protection: The area can get quite sunny, so make sure to carry sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat, especially if visiting during the summer.
  


• Stay Hydrated: Carry enough drinking water, especially if you plan to explore the area for a few hours. Water availability near the dam may be limited.
  


• Keep the Area Clean: Respect the environment by avoiding littering. Carry a small bag to collect your trash and dispose of it in designated bins.
  


• Use Local Transportation: If you are not driving, use local transportation options such as taxis or auto-rickshaws, which are available from nearby towns like Sambalpur.
  


• Enjoy the Views: Don’t miss visiting the observation towers (Gandhi Minar and Nehru Minar) for breathtaking views of the reservoir and surrounding hills.
  

Help Line/Phone Number in Hirakud Dam:

If you require assistance during your visit to Hirakud Dam, here are the essential helpline numbers:

• Local Police Station (Hirakud):
  Phone: +91-6658-220111 (For emergency assistance)
  


• Dam Control Room:
  Phone: +91-6658-221345 (For dam-related inquiries and safety information)
  


• Ambulance Services:
  Phone: 108 (National emergency ambulance service)
  


• Fire Services:
  Phone: 101 (For fire emergencies)
  


• Nearest Hospital (Sambalpur District Hospital):
  Phone: +91-6658-223890 (For medical emergencies and assistance)